Which antigens are present in blood type b

This blood group is signified by a particular type of molecule on the red blood cells that is a target of the malaria parasite.

Interestingly, some people from Africa do not have these molecules on the surface of their cells at all, making them less likely to contract malaria. Infographic - From animal experiments to saving lives: a history of blood transfusions. A blood group known as Duffy is also associated with infection by another type of malaria known as Plasmodium vivax. When this protein is absent from the red blood cells, the cells are resistant to infection by the malaria parasite. The K antigen colloquially called Kell was first detected in the s as a result of a woman without the K antigen on her red blood cells being pregnant with a baby with the K antigen on the red blood cells.

Following the discovery of the K antigen, more antigens were also found in this blood group system, which is a common pattern of discovery in this field. After the Rh antigens, anti-K is the most common antibody found in testing patients prior to transfusion. Another blood group, Kidd, was named after the patient in whom it was discovered. Therefore, the blood type is A. Genetic Inheritance Patterns.

We now know that they are determined by genes on chromosome 9, and they do not change as a result of environmental influences during life. The possible outcomes are shown below:. Both A and B alleles are dominant over O. As a result, individuals who have an AO genotype will have an A phenotype. People who are type O have OO genotypes. In other words, they inherited a recessive O allele from both parents.

The A and B alleles are codominant. Therefore, if an A is inherited from one parent and a B from the other, the phenotype will be AB. Agglutination tests will show that these individuals have the characteristics of both type A and type B blood. If you wish to explore the reason why this is true, select the Bombay Phenotype button below.

ABO Blood type antigens are not only found on the surface of red cells. They are also normally secreted by some people in their body fluids, including saliva, tears, and urine. Whether someone is able to secrete them is genetically controlled. Police agencies now routinely use this so-called secretor system data to identify potential victims and criminals when blood samples are not available.

Despite the fact that the blood types of children are solely determined by inheritance from their parents, paternity in the U. Antibodies to alien antigens in the ABO group are usually present in our plasma prior to the first contact with blood of a different ABO type.

The full Rh blood group system includes around 50 different red blood cell antigens, but the most important one is a protein called RhD.

Most Australians are Rh positive. Blood types are most important to know if you are needing a transfusion, but it appears that different blood types may have an impact on certain diseases. On the other hand, type O people tend to be more prone to infections of Helicobacter pylori , the bacterium that causes stomach ulcers, where AB blood type individuals are less prone. To work out your blood group, your red cells are mixed with different antibody solutions.

If, for example, the solution contains anti-B antibodies and you have B antigens on your cells you're blood group B , it will clump together. If the blood does not react to any of the anti-A or anti-B antibodies, it's blood group O.

A series of tests with different types of antibody can be used to identify your blood group. If you have a blood transfusion — where blood is taken from one person and given to another — your blood will be tested against a sample of donor cells that contain ABO and RhD antigens. Pregnant women are always given a blood group test. This is because if the mother is RhD negative but the child has inherited RhD-positive blood from the father, it could cause complications if left untreated.

RhD-negative women of child-bearing age should always only receive RhD-negative blood. Most people are able to give blood, but only 1 in 25 people actually do. You can donate blood if you:. Read more about who can give blood.