What is eugenol made of

Eugenol damages cell membrane and cell wall, inducing cell-lysis in Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria resulting in leakage of intracellular fluid along with lipid and protein contents.

At concentration of 0. Eugenol has potentiality to constrain viral infection and replication categorically against herpes simplex viruses i. Eugenol has been validated to be adequate against herpes simplex virus-1 HSV-1 clinical isolates. The principal methoxyphenol of clove oil; eugenol has documented anti-inflammatory potential. Eugenol suppresses cyclooxygenase COX -2 expression and tumor necrosis factor TNF signaling, whereas eugenol oligomers avert inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages and NF-kappaB nuclear factor-kappaB activation.

According to findings of Koh et al. Examination of lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid BALF suggested anti-inflammatory effect due to reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cyclooxygenase activity is prompted by LPS, cytokines and growth factors. It also protected against chemically induced dysfunction of macrophages and balanced the pro-inflammatory mediators.

Further clinical studies are required to authenticate the use of eugenol and its other active derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents on dendritic cells, along with their modulating effects on cytokines and autoimmune inflammatory diseases.

Eventually, results from these clinical trials would significantly improve the immune-protective application of eugenol. Recent clinical studies of medicinal plants used in numerous traditional medicines have triggered the invention of various chemotherapeutic drugs, like camptothecin, vinblastine, taxol and vincristine. Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of malignant cancer among women and is ranked fourth common reason of cancer related deaths in the world.

Eugenol repressed growth of human breast cancer cells by initiation of cell death both in time and dose dependent manner. Essential oils being extracted by hydro distillation of roots and barks of Uvariodendron angustifolium containing Inducible cyclooxygenase COX-2 inhibitors have been considered as cancer chemo-preventive and anti-inflammatory agents.

According to findings of Kim et al. Remedies for colon cancer through administration of eugenol resulted in decreased concentration intracellular non-protein thiols. Additionally, DNA fragmentation caused by amplification of reactive oxygen species ROS is considered as a core reason for apoptosis in eugenol-subjected colon cancer cells.

Eugenol not only transmitted apoptotic signal through reduction of non-protein thiols resulting in decreased potential of mitochondrial membranes, eventually leading to increased production of ROS. Novel strategies in cancer prevention have initiated the use of eugenol as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.

Synergistic effect of eugenol with chemo-preventive drugs has been reported to reduce the drug toxicity on normal cells and augment the cytotoxicity of administrated synthetic agents. Among all investigated phenyl-propanoids, eugenol explicated maximum cytotoxicity and reduced hemolytic activity validating its use as a chemo-protective agent without any adversative toxicity.

Currently, chemo-protective agents being practiced to cure malignant melanoma; typically the most antagonistic skin cancer occurring in melanocytes are unsatisfactory. They suggested inhibitory mode of action of eugenol as it causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis.

In an experimental trial Koh et al. Cytotoxic concentrations of eugenol resulted in reduction of ATP utilization of oxidative stress and an increase in the polyamines and glycolytic metabolites, in normal oral cells and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Another group of researchers have highlighted the inhibitory potential of eugenol against expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 activity in PMA-stimulated HT cells via inactivation of ERK proteins. Consequently, they evaluated that eugenol from cloves, explicitly revealed highest inhibitory effect on hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 than other ROS reactive oxygen species , and was able to halt lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation, induced by hydroxyl radical.

Therefore, eugenol could be accessible as an outstanding agent for prevention of metastasis associated to oxidative stress. Several studies have been performed to study the neuroprotective and anti-stress related potential of eugenol. For instance, Prasad and Muralidhara 78 investigated the neuro-protective effectiveness of eugenol and iso-eugenol against acrylamide ACR induced neuropathy model in male albino rats. Momentously, both active ingredients reduced oxidative stress markers i.

Eugenol 4-allylmethoxyphenyl is definitely an aromatic molecule seen in essential oils as well as other plants, including cloves, bay leaves, and cinnamon leaves. Numerous studies have shown that eugenol possesses antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Eugenol has become widely employed in dentistry to deal with a toothache and pulpitis. A previous study showed that eugenol is an ideal natural agent for use in oral care products. Eugenol inhibits the development and insoluble and soluble glucan synthesis of S. However, the therapeutic effect of eugenol against dental caries is not thoroughly evaluated. Easy mix rapid setting zinc oxide - eugenol cement for thermal insulation and a temporary restoration. It has a long tradition of use as an anesthetic.

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How It Works. Using It. Side Effects. Who Should Avoid It? Overdose If swallowed in large quantities, clove oil can cause severe symptoms, including: Abdominal pain Coughing up blood Diarrhea Difficulty urinating Dizziness Nausea and vomiting Seizures Coma Seek urgent medical care if you have accidentally swallowed a large amount of clove oil.

Was this page helpful? Borris, R. Kurmaravelu, P. Nutritional Biochemistry , 7: Laekeman, G. Phytotherapy Research , 4: Nagababu, E. Biochemical Pharmacology , Legend has it that juniper branches sheltered Mary and Jesus in their flight from King Herod.